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母豬料的料型目前主要有三種，粉狀料，液體飼料和顆粒料。粉狀料又可分為用戶自配的粗粉料(簡(jiǎn)單混合料)和商用細(xì)粉料兩種。液體飼料則是歐洲近十年來(lái)興起的一種飼料形式。

At present, there are three types of sows feed: powder feed, liquid feed and pellet feed. Powder can be divided into two kinds: coarse powder (simple mixture) and commercial fine powder. In the past decade, liquid feed has emerged in European countries.

目的是為了減少抗生素使用和提高母豬的福利;隨著近年來(lái)玉米的大幅攀升，部分客戶意識(shí)到自配料與配合料成本相差無(wú)幾的情況下對(duì)配合顆料料的需求急劇增加，故而飼料廠開(kāi)發(fā)以應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)變化。但是對(duì)顆粒料的使用，一直存在爭(zhēng)議，現(xiàn)結(jié)合母豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)生理及生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，加以剖析，歡迎各位同行拍磚。

The purpose is to reduce the use of antibiotics and improve the welfare of sows; with the sharp rise of corn prices in recent years, some customers realize that the demand for pellet feed is increasing rapidly when the cost of self compounding is almost the same as that of batch feed, so feed factories are developing to cope with market changes. However, the use of granular material has always been controversial. This paper analyzes the problems in sow nutrition, physiology and production practice, and welcomes colleagues to make bricks.

1 母豬對(duì)粉狀料的采食量比顆粒料的采食量大

1. The feed intake of sows fed with powder feed was higher than that fed with pellet feed

這個(gè)事實(shí)背后的原因主要是母豬有著發(fā)達(dá)的牙齒、靈活的舌頭和碩大的口腔，粉狀料對(duì)其味覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)的刺激使得頭期消化液的分泌較顆粒料量大。唾液淀粉酶對(duì)粉料的作用也較顆粒料更為迅速。

The main reason behind this fact is that sows have developed teeth, flexible tongue and huge mouth. The stimulation of powder to their taste and smell makes the secretion of digestive juice in the first stage larger than that of granule. The effect of salivary amylase on powder was more rapid than that on granule.

因此母豬對(duì)粉狀料的食欲更強(qiáng)。在野生狀態(tài)下，母豬的食物范圍相當(dāng)廣泛，包括塊根塊莖類、青綠飼料、谷物籽實(shí)、小動(dòng)物等，成熟的谷物籽實(shí)很硬，所以顆粒狀的食物并不是母豬。并且，豬有搶食的習(xí)慣，一次大量進(jìn)食顆粒料的后果很嚴(yán)重：未經(jīng)充分咀嚼的顆料在消化道存留的時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)，頭期消化液分泌不足也導(dǎo)致消化道蠕動(dòng)減緩。特別是在圍產(chǎn)期，母豬食欲下降和便秘的出現(xiàn)就成了必然。

Therefore, sows have a stronger appetite for powder. In the wild, sows have a wide range of food, including tubers, green fodder, grain seeds, small animals and so on. Mature grain seeds are very hard, so granular food is not the first choice for sows. Moreover, pigs have the habit of rushing to eat, and the consequences of eating a large amount of pellets at a time are very serious: the pellets that have not been fully chewed remain in the digestive tract for a long time, and the insufficient secretion of digestive juice in the first stage also leads to the slow down of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Especially in the perinatal period, the loss of appetite and constipation become inevitable.

2 粉狀料較顆粒更“新鮮”

2. Powder is fresher than particle

眾所周知，粉狀料不易保存，在北方，夏季庫(kù)存時(shí)間也不能超過(guò)15天，因其開(kāi)包后與空氣中的氧氣接觸面積更大，更易被氧化;而顆粒料則不同，經(jīng)過(guò)擠壓之后與空氣接觸面積減小，因而可放置更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。就現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用效果來(lái)說(shuō)，3天以內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的粉狀料更有優(yōu)勢(shì)(中間環(huán)節(jié)越少，對(duì)母豬來(lái)說(shuō)越好)。

As we all know, powdery materials are not easy to preserve, and in the north, the storage time in summer can not exceed 15 days, because the contact area with oxygen in the air is larger after unpacking, and it is easier to be oxidized; while granular materials are different, the contact area with air is reduced after extrusion, so they can be stored for a longer time. In terms of field application effect, the powder produced within 3 days has more advantages (the less intermediate links, the better for sows).